A CNC router is a subtractive manufacturing device using a rotary cutting tool to cut through wood, composites, soft metals, and plastics. Like every CNC machining process, its operations are computer-controlled, ensuring it creates high precision and accurate cuts.

Unlike other CNC machines, like CNC mills and lathes, CNC routers are not equipped for high-cutting operations. Consequently, they are often restricted to cutting softer materials. In addition, the spindles typically move along the X and Y axes, with less rotational movement in the Z-axis. This feature makes them less pliable for creating deep-hole features, undercuts, and slots.